From its inception in the early 1900s, vocational education in American high schools was designed to prepare students for jobs that did not require any formal postsecondary education. In the last decades of the 20th century, growing concern about how separating students into “college” and “non-college” tracks often perpetuated racial...
Standard-based accountability policies have profoundly shaped the landscape of public education in the United States. At the heart of these policies are standardized assessments, administered annually, which are used to evaluate schools and, at times, teachers. While always controversial, opposition to these policies increased following the widespread adoption of the...